It is speculated trauma memory intrusions may be experienced on a continuum from contextualized to fragmented, depending on memory encoding and retrieval. The second type is trauma memory intrusions reflecting, to varying degrees, the retrieval of perceptual, episodic and personal semantic representations. The first type is anomalous experiences arising from emotion regulation and/or the generation of novel images derived from trauma memory. It is proposed these vulnerability factors have the potential to lead to two types of intrusions. Third, personal semantic memory, specifically appraisals of the self and others, are shaped by event memories. Second, event memories, consisting of perceptual and episodic representations, are impacted by emotion experienced during trauma.
First, understandable attempts to survive trauma become habitual ways of regulating emotion, manifesting in cognitive-affective, behavioral and interpersonal responses. Three trauma-related vulnerability factors are proposed to give rise to intrusions and to affect how people appraise and cope with them. This paper therefore attempts to synthesize the current evidence base into a theoretically informed, multifactorial model of posttraumatic stress in psychosis. The complexity of posttraumatic stress reactions experienced in psychosis remains poorly understood. Much of this work has focused on co-occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or putative causal mechanisms in isolation from each other. In recent years, empirical data and theoretical accounts relating to the relationship between childhood victimization and psychotic experiences have accumulated.
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